A wave of heat is sweeping Poland, triggering dangerous photochemical smog that residents and experts warn could endanger public health.
Heatwave and Photochemical Smog
The photochemical smog, a form of air pollution, appears when the air temperature exceeds 28‑30°C, humidity is low, and there is almost no wind. Under these conditions, as explained by Prof. Szymon Malinowski, a physicist of the atmosphere, vehicle exhaust gases react with sunlight, creating ground‑level ozone. Its concentration in many Polish cities is already high. “If someone wonders why it scrapes their throat and causes coughing, one of the answers lies in the map below. This pollution is photochemical smog, more specifically ground-level ozone,” the professor wrote, adding a map showing the plume of pollution stretching from Katowice and Wrocław to Warsaw.
The Dangerous Smog Over Poland
Photochemical smog can be annoying and dangerous, especially for older people or those with respiratory conditions. High levels of ground-level ozone cause throat irritation, coughing, and breathing difficulties. Prolonged exposure to ozone pollution can lead to more serious consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and chronic respiratory disorders. Experts recommend limiting outdoor physical activity, especially in the later part of the day, when pollution levels are highest.
IMGW Forecast
The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management warns of heatwaves. Throughout most of the country, except the northeast, temperatures can reach up to 34°C. IMGW also issued a hydrological warning about the potential flooding and exceeding of alert levels on the Iławce River in the Warmian‑Masurian voivodeship. Forests across the country pose a fire risk.
What to Do and What to Avoid During Heatwaves?
Meteorologists and doctors remind us how to cope during heatwaves and what to avoid. Intense physical effort is not recommended even for those who exercise regularly. Muscular work adds extra heat to the body, which causes strain on the cardiovascular system and can even lead to heat stroke. Avoid sun exposure, remember to cover your head and use sunscreen with UV filters. During the day, keep windows closed and covered to limit radiation and protect the indoor environment from excessive heating. Ventilate only after dusk, when the air temperature is lowest. During heatwaves, drink plenty of fluids, preferably water, to avoid fainting and passing out. Avoid alcohol and cold drinks before bedtime. However, note that excessive hydration may lead to heart overload.
