President Karol Nawrocki has referred the 2026 budget to Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal, challenging its allowance of public debt exceeding the constitutional 60% GDP limit.
Public Debt and Constitutional Threshold
The primary objection raised by President Karol Nawrocki against the budget law is its allowance for the public debt to surpass 60% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), which he deems unconstitutional.
This constitutional limit is a critical safeguard that the president argues the 2026 budget violates, potentially leading to unsustainable fiscal obligations.
Exclusion of State-Guaranteed Obligations
Nawrocki also questions the budget’s exclusion from the public debt definition of liabilities guaranteed by the State Treasury, specifically those managed by the Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowy (BGK).
Such exclusions, he contends, could mask the true extent of public debt, undermining transparency and fiscal accountability.