A new U.S. study in 2025 suggests the popular sugar alcohol erythritol, found in “zero” sugar products, may impact brain blood vessel function.
Erythritol Under Scientific Scrutiny
Products marketed as “sugar-free” were intended as healthier alternatives to sugary drinks and snacks. However, new research from the U.S. indicates that erythritol, a common sweetener, may affect the functioning of blood vessels in the brain, even at levels found in a typical serving of a “zero” beverage.
Potential Mechanism for Increased Stroke Risk
While not yet definitive proof of harm in humans, the study identifies a mechanism that could explain earlier signals of increased stroke risk, prompting significant scientific interest.
2025 Study: Erythritol’s Impact on the Brain and Blood Vessels
Published in 2025 in the *Journal of Applied Physiology* (“The non-nutritive sweetener erythritol adversely affects brain microvascularendothelial cell function”), the study focused on erythritol’s effects on brain blood vessel cells. Researchers used an *in vitro* laboratory model, analyzing cell responses after exposure to the sweetener. The dose used corresponded to the amount of erythritol present in a single serving of a sugar-free drink (approximately 30g), representing a realistic dietary level.
Four Vascular Changes Linked to Stroke Risk
Instead of directly examining stroke risk, scientists investigated changes at the cellular level. The results indicate several alterations known in medicine as risk factors for stroke.
Key Observations
These changes suggest that blood vessels may have difficulty expanding, are prone to constriction, and struggle to manage blood clots – a combination of processes that, according to medical knowledge, increases the risk of ischemic stroke.
How Erythritol May Increase Stroke Risk
Brain blood vessels function as a precise system for regulating blood flow. Any disruption to this balance can have serious consequences. The study observed three key problems affecting this regulation.
Connection to Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
This connection is well-established in the context of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. The research suggests that erythritol may influence these mechanisms.
Erythritol Dosage in the Study
Notably, the observed effects occurred at a dose of erythritol equivalent to one serving of a “sugar-free” product. This does not automatically imply danger for everyone, but suggests that regular consumption (several servings daily) could potentially exacerbate the observed effects, particularly for those who regularly choose “zero” products as part of their diet – such as those on weight-loss plans or with diabetes.
Previous Research Linking Erythritol to Heart Attack and Stroke
The new study aligns with a broader scientific trend. Previous research indicated a correlation between higher blood levels of erythritol and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Epidemiological studies (on large populations) showed this correlation but did not explain the underlying mechanism. This study provides insight into how that mechanism might operate.
Limitations of the Study and What We Know
It’s important to note that the study has several limitations. The *in vitro* nature of the research means that it cannot definitively state that erythritol “causes stroke” or affects related mechanisms in the human body. This distinction is crucial.
Where to Find Erythritol: Common “Fit” and “Zero” Products
Erythritol is now one of the most commonly used sweeteners, found in products such as sugar-free beverages, protein bars, and sugar-free desserts.
Common Names for Erythritol
It often appears under names like erythritol, E968, or as part of a blend of sweeteners.
Current Recommendations from Health Organizations
Currently, the situation is complex. The WHO (World Health Organization) in 2023 recommended against using non-sugar sweeteners as a tool for weight control, citing potential health risks and lack of long-term benefits, but did not ban erythritol or set a specific consumption limit. The EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) considers erythritol a safe food additive (E968) and has not established a strict daily intake limit (ADI), citing its low toxicity. The FDA (USA) classifies erythritol as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) and permits its use in food.
Should Erythritol Consumption Be Limited?
The current consensus is that erythritol is considered safe within current norms, but a growing number of studies suggest potential risks. There is increasing support for a cautious approach: limiting excessive consumption, diversifying sources of sweetness, and reading food labels.
