Two years after partial legalization, Germany has seen a decrease in cannabis-related crime, but the illicit market remains a significant issue, prompting criticism.
Development of Legal and Medical Marijuana Markets
Germany has established the largest essentially legal commercial market for these products in Europe, importing 200 tons of medical marijuana in 2025—a 198% increase from 2024.
The import is primarily organized by the private sector, mainly from Canada, but it remains unclear if criminal groups are involved or what happens with the increasing quantities.
Concerns Over Medical Marijuana Prescriptions
Experts noted that medical marijuana with high active substance content is often over-prescribed for therapeutic purposes, potentially increasing health risks.
Black Market Resilience and Impact on Youth
Despite a slight increase in consumption from legal sources and signs of the black market being “slowly displaced,” illegal trade remains popular among consumers.
A study indicates a need to strengthen protection for children and youth, as fewer are accessing early intervention and counseling programs, which doesn’t necessarily mean the threat has diminished.
Changes in reporting practices, where previously suspicious behaviors are now often not reported to the police, may contribute to this.
CDU Criticism and Calls for Reform
Members of the CDU, the co-governing party, have criticized the partial legalization of marijuana.
Health Minister Nina Warken called the reform a mistake, citing an increasingly blurred line between cannabis for consumption and medical purposes.
Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt deemed the two-year-old regulations a “complete failure” due to the continued flourishing of the black market, while Family Affairs Minister Karin Prien advocated for stronger addiction prevention measures for children and youth.
Current Legal Framework
Regulations implemented on April 1, 2024, by the SPD, Greens, and Free Democrats coalition under Chancellor Olaf Scholz, allow adults to consume and possess up to 25 grams of marijuana in public and 50 grams at home.
The law also permits the cultivation of up to three plants for personal use, with restrictions on consumption near children, schools, and playgrounds.
Non-commercial cannabis clubs of up to 500 members are allowed, but require special permits.
