On 25 November, Poland finalized the selection of Swedish submarines for the Orka programme, following a decade‑long debate and announcing a first delivery in 2030 at a cost above 10 billion zlotys.
Background
According to official plans, Poland intends to acquire three submarines. The Ministry of Defence announced the selection at a press conference after a cabinet meeting. The first submarine—a used, older Swedish vessel—will join the fleet in 2027 for training purposes. The first target vessel of the A26 class is expected in 2030, with a price “above 10 billion zlotys” as stated by the minister.
Final Decision After a Decade‑Long Process
Last week, a task force on the Orka programme reviewed bids from the armed forces, the Ministry of National Defence, and the Ministry of Finance and State Assets. Their recommendation finalized years of analysis on required submarines and suitable offers. On Wednesday, 25 November, the government chose the final supplier based on this recommendation.
Temporary Replacement and Risks
Because the delivery of new Swedish submarines will take several years, Poland plans to acquire the older Swedish submarine for temporary use. The vessel, originally built in 1988, was modernised and stored until 2021. It is almost as old as the decommissioned ORP Orzeł, which suffered an unspecified failure while en route to a naval celebration and was forced to return to base. The ongoing condition of the Orzeł, with a history of repair difficulties, highlights the risks of relying on older platforms.
Controversy Over Swedish Submarines
The only new Swedish submarines available are the A26 class, whose construction began in 2010, was halted in 2014 due to disputes, and resumed in 2015 after Saab acquired Kockums. The projected delivery dates have shifted from 2024/25 to 2031 and 2033, with cost overruns of about three times the original estimate and design challenges.