Poland’s ambitious infrastructure plans clash with shrinking public finances as 2026 growth projections reveal economic tensions.
Economic Growth and Fiscal Constraints
In 2026, Poland will likely maintain its position among the fastest-growing economies in the European Union. According to World Bank forecasts, GDP growth will exceed 3%, driven by consumption, investments, and exports. The disinflationary trend will, at the latest, in the second quarter of the year allow for the observation of the desired “one in front.” The labor market will be a source of mixed signals – low unemployment will strengthen domestic demand, but at the same time increase wage pressure affecting business costs and investment decisions.
Strategic Infrastructure Projects
The list of announced infrastructure projects is impressive. Via Pomerania, Via Maris, Droga Czerwona, or Port Polska are projects that could transform the country’s logistics map. It’s not just about new transport routes, but also about security, social mobility, regional development, and dual-use capabilities, particularly important in the unstable geopolitical environment. Infrastructure thus becomes not only a tool for growth but also a key element of state resilience.
Public-Private Partnership Solutions
The solution to such challenges may be a broader opening to cooperation with private capital. The state can use partners who have capital, operational experience, and technological know-how. Public-private partnership is no longer just a curiosity, but begins to function as a pragmatic tool of development policy. This was discussed in September 2025 during the presentation of the “Report within the Pact for Polish Security – Pomerania” regarding investments that could be implemented and financed also in the PPP formula.
Balancing Public and Private Interests
While private capital can help fill investment gaps, especially as EU funds are gradually limited and budget pressure related to national defense needs grows, maintaining a proper balance is crucial. Cooperation with business cannot mean giving up the public interest; on the contrary, it requires its proper definition. Polish infrastructure and development needs should determine the direction of cooperation, in which the state defines strategic goals, and the private sector provides financing, technology, and operational efficiency.