Neighbors of Poland are redefining conscription: Lithuania will keep the draft through 2026, Estonia tightened language requirements, while Polish citizens split on reinstating service amid a minister’s cautious stance.
Conscription in Lithuania
Lithuanian authorities announced that compulsory military service will continue throughout 2026. The plan aims to strengthen the country’s defense by requiring young people to balance service with education, extending reserve periods to maintain skills. The armed forces, numbering roughly 20,000 soldiers, reinstated a nine‑month draft in 2015 following Russia’s annexation of Crimea.
Estonia Tightens Language Requirement
Parliament has passed a law limiting conscription to citizens who achieve at least a B1 level in Estonian. Administrators say limited language proficiency delays training, especially as military courses increasingly cover weaponry, communication systems and specialized terminology. The 11‑month mandatory service recruits 3–4,000 men annually; women may volunteer.
Latvian Compulsory Service
Latvia also maintains an 11‑month compulsory military service, although the text does not detail specific recent changes.
Polish Public Opinion on Reinstating Conscription
A recent SW Research survey showed 46.6% of respondents support bringing back conscription in Poland, 34.2% oppose it, and 19.3% are undecided. Male respondents are slightly more supportive (50.3%) than female respondents (43%).
Defence Minister Says No Immediate Need to Reactivate
Minister of National Defence Władysław Kosiniak‑Kamysz has stated that there is presently no need to reactivate mandatory service, noting that it remains suspended but could be reinstated should circumstances demand. He emphasized that the draft’s suspension affords flexibility for future decisions.
